Membrane phospholipid alterations in Alzheimer's disease: deficiency of ethanolamine plasmalogens.

The ethanolamine plasmalogens are decreased whereas serine glycerophospholipids are significantly increased in plasma membrane phospholipid in affected regions of brain in Alzheimer's disease. This may be due to stimulation of Ca(2+)-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 which was recently discovered in brain. This phospholipase A2 differs from other Ca(2+)-independent phospholipases A2 in response to ATP and various inhibitors. It may be responsible for excess release of arachidonic acid and accumulation of prostaglandins and lipid peroxides in AD. Accumulation of the above lipid metabolites due to abnormal receptor function and signal transduction may contribute to neurodegeneration in AD.