Differential expression of angiotensin II receptors during early renal morphogenesis.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) and its receptors, AT1 and AT2, may modulate kidney development. To define the temporal and spatial distribution of AT1 and AT2 receptors and their mRNAs during nephrogenesis, fetal, newborn, and adult rat kidneys were studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and radioligand binding autoradiography. AT1 expression was minimal at embryonic day 14 (E14), highly expressed at E20, and persisted into adulthood. Conversely, AT2 expression was easily detected from E14 through postnatal day 7 but was undetectable by postnatal day 28. At E14, 76% of the receptors were AT2, 24% were AT1, and both were found in the undifferentiated mesenchyme. By E17, AT1 comprised 40% of the receptors and localized to mature nephron segments, whereas AT2 remained within both condensed mesenchyme and differentiating epithelia. The dissociation constants for AT1 and AT2 were 0.45 +/- 0.09 nM and 0.73 +/- 0.15 nM, respectively, at E17, similar to adult values. By E20, AT1 and AT2 colocalized to the outer medullary stripe, deep nephrons, medullary rays, and blood vessels, while AT2 continued to predominate in the actively differentiating cortex. The presence of both subtypes of receptors capable of binding ANG II during early nephrogenesis and the time-dependent and structure-specific regulation of receptor localization confirm a regulated developmental program for receptor expression and suggest important roles for AT1 and AT2 in renal morphogenesis.