Selective interaction of hsp90 with an estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain containing a point mutation.

The 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) has been implicated in modulating steroid receptor function in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have suggested that hsp90 interacts with large portions of the estrogen receptor (ER) ligand-binding domain and sequences of the receptor required for stable DNA binding. To characterize the interaction of the ER ligand-binding domain with hsp90, we have compared the properties of chimeras created by coupling the ligand-binding domain to the constitutive transactivator VP16-GAL. Two types of chimeras were created: VP16-GAL-ERG, containing the wild-type ligand-binding domain derived from the cDNA HEG0, and VP16-GAL-ERV, containing the substitution G400V derived from the ligand-binding domain of the original ER cDNA isolate, HE0. The G400V mutation alters the physical properties of VP16-GAL-ERV by rendering it hormone-dependent for DNA binding and more strongly dependent on estradiol for transactivation compared with VP16-GAL-ERG. Glycerol gradient analyses and chemical cross-linking/coimmunoprecipitation showed that, unlike VP16-GAL-ERG, VP16-GAL-ERV formed stable complexes with hsp90 in vitro. These data show that hsp90 selectively recognizes the altered ER ligand-binding domain containing the G400V substitution and indicate that the wild-type ER ligand-binding domain of VP16-GAL-ERG does not interact with hsp90 in vitro. Hormone binding studies showed that the ligand-binding domain of VP16-GAL-ERV was destabilized by incubation in the presence of high concentrations of salt or in the absence of sodium molybdate, conditions that disrupt its interaction with hsp90. The ligand-binding domain of the Val-400 ER thus behaves similarly to that of the wild-type glucocorticoid receptor, which has previously been shown to interact with hsp90 in vitro. These results provide evidence for the action of hsp90 as a molecular chaperone by selectively recognizing destabilized proteins.