S L Eyre1, N W Read, S G Millstein. 1. Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study has been to survey adolescents' strategies to promote sexual encounters and to compare those used by males and females. We examined the predictions that sexual strategies of young adolescents are fewer and less adult-like and that those of male adolescents are more coercive. We also examined the predictions from evolutionary psychology that suggest in sexual strategies, males communicate emotional involvement, long-term interest, and resource investment, whereas females communicate sexual availability and fertility. METHODS: The sample consisted of 153 African-American, white, Chinese-American, and Mexican-American adolescents. A strategy inventory was developed and mention of strategies by males and females were compared. RESULTS: Significant gender differences in mention of strategies were found. Males mentioned a higher percentage of coercive strategies such as pressuring and raping as well as a higher percentage of strategies such as lying and getting a partner drunk or high. Males and females both mentioned a higher percentage of strategies communicating commitment and investment. Females mentioned more strategies which signaled sexual availability. Adolescent strategies were fewer than those reported by adults and less focused on appearance enhancement and the intricacies of dating. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the need for special targeting of coercive situations, use of sexual strategies as a prompt for counterstrategies aimed at abstinence, use of sexual strategies as a context for condom use promotion, and reinforcement of female preparatory strategies.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study has been to survey adolescents' strategies to promote sexual encounters and to compare those used by males and females. We examined the predictions that sexual strategies of young adolescents are fewer and less adult-like and that those of male adolescents are more coercive. We also examined the predictions from evolutionary psychology that suggest in sexual strategies, males communicate emotional involvement, long-term interest, and resource investment, whereas females communicate sexual availability and fertility. METHODS: The sample consisted of 153 African-American, white, Chinese-American, and Mexican-American adolescents. A strategy inventory was developed and mention of strategies by males and females were compared. RESULTS: Significant gender differences in mention of strategies were found. Males mentioned a higher percentage of coercive strategies such as pressuring and raping as well as a higher percentage of strategies such as lying and getting a partner drunk or high. Males and females both mentioned a higher percentage of strategies communicating commitment and investment. Females mentioned more strategies which signaled sexual availability. Adolescent strategies were fewer than those reported by adults and less focused on appearance enhancement and the intricacies of dating. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the need for special targeting of coercive situations, use of sexual strategies as a prompt for counterstrategies aimed at abstinence, use of sexual strategies as a context for condom use promotion, and reinforcement of female preparatory strategies.
Keywords:
Adolescents; Age Factors; Americas; Behavior; California; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Characteristics; Premarital Sex Behavior; Research Report; Sex Behavior; United States; Urban Population; Youth