Anatomy and embryology of the trigeminal nerve and its branches in the parasellar area.

The cavum trigeminale (Meckel's cave) anatomy is still poorly understood. Many different descriptions are found in the literature. In order to clarify the relationship of trigeminal ganglion and its branches with dura and arachnoid, we underwent an embryological and adult microanatomical and histological study. Serial sections of human embryos and fetuses were used. For adult study, microdissections and histological serial sections were performed. We found that dura and arachnoid stop at the trigeminal ganglion and do not extend the three branches of the trigeminal nerve. These three branches are embedded into separate peripheral sheaths. These results are important for clear understanding of the anatomy of the parasellar lodge (cavernous sinus) lateral wall.