OBJECTIVE: Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a lower risk of symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease but a higher risk of chlamydial cervicitis. To explain these seemingly contradictory findings, we asked whether oral contraceptive use was more common among women with unrecognized endometritis than among women with recognized endometritis. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter case-control study was performed. Women without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease were ascertained through contact tracing of partners with sexually transmitted diseases or through presentation with cervicitis. Women with symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease met a set of standard clinical criteria. We compared the 43 cases without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease but with endometritis ("unrecognized endometritis") with the 111 controls with recognized pelvic inflammatory disease and endometritis ("recognized endometritis"). RESULTS: Women with unrecognized endometritis were 4.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 11.7) more likely than women with recognized endometritis to use oral contraceptives. CONCLUSION: Future studies need to fully characterize the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives in relation to sexually transmitted diseases.
OBJECTIVE: Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a lower risk of symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease but a higher risk of chlamydial cervicitis. To explain these seemingly contradictory findings, we asked whether oral contraceptive use was more common among women with unrecognized endometritis than among women with recognized endometritis. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter case-control study was performed. Women without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease were ascertained through contact tracing of partners with sexually transmitted diseases or through presentation with cervicitis. Women with symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease met a set of standard clinical criteria. We compared the 43 cases without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease but with endometritis ("unrecognized endometritis") with the 111 controls with recognized pelvic inflammatory disease and endometritis ("recognized endometritis"). RESULTS:Women with unrecognized endometritis were 4.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 11.7) more likely than women with recognized endometritis to use oral contraceptives. CONCLUSION: Future studies need to fully characterize the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives in relation to sexually transmitted diseases.
Entities:
Keywords:
Americas; Biology; Case Control Studies; Contraception; Contraceptive Methods; Developed Countries; Diseases; Endometritis; Examinations And Diagnoses; Family Planning; Infections; Laboratory Examinations And Diagnoses; North America; Northern America; Oral Contraceptives; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Reproductive Tract Infections; Research Methodology; Research Report; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Signs And Symptoms; Studies; United States
Authors: Gail M Trautmann; Kevin E Kip; Holly E Richter; David E Soper; Jeffrey F Peipert; Deborah B Nelson; Wayne Trout; Dianne Schubeck; Debra C Bass; Roberta B Ness Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: C L Haggerty; P A Totten; M Ferris; D H Martin; S Hoferka; S G Astete; R Ondondo; J Norori; R B Ness Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2008-11-12 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: C L Haggerty; P A Totten; S G Astete; S Lee; S L Hoferka; S F Kelsey; R B Ness Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2008-04-29 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: Catherine L Haggerty; Patricia A Totten; Gong Tang; Sabina G Astete; Michael J Ferris; Johana Norori; Debra C Bass; David H Martin; Brandie D Taylor; Roberta B Ness Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2016-01-29 Impact factor: 3.519