A porcine model for the evaluation of virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Studies of virulence factors of Bordetella bronchiseptica require a suitable system. Such a system was devised in colostrum-deprived, caesarean-derived pigs, aged 7 d. In two different experiments, pigs (n = 11) were inoculated intranasally with 10(6) colony-forming units of the virulent strain 4609. In the same way, further pigs (n = 11) were inoculated with a strain (B133) of unknown virulence. No significant differences between 4609 and B133 colonization were seen. However, colonization of the turbinates was significantly higher than that of the trachea, lung and tonsil, and a significantly higher degree of colonization was present at 11 d post-inoculation (PI) than at 15 days. Moderate turbinate atrophy was present by 11 d PI, and peribronchiolar fibrosis was present at 15 days. Immunocytochemical methods showed that all pigs had bacterial antigen in the ciliated cells of the turbinates and trachea, and in the lung; some pigs also had antigen in the bronchi. Bacterial antigen was present in some bronchioles and within the cytoplasm of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils. This model should prove useful for comparing strains of B. bronchiseptica and isogenic mutants deficient in putative virulence factors.