Adaptation of intestinal nutrient transport in health and disease. Part II.

The first part of this review dealt with the physiology of glucose transport with specific emphasis on transporters of the brush border membrane (BBM) and the basolateral membrane (BLM). On the BBM, the sodium (Na)/glucose transporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2), the Na-independent transporter (GLUT5) and on the BLM the hexose transporter (GLUT2) are discussed. The molecular biology of these transporters is also reviewed. In the second part of the review, we discuss the manner in which intestinal adaptation may be modified by alterations in the diet, especially the lipid constituents, and two important examples of intestinal adaptation will be given: diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease.