Modulation of N-myc expression alters the invasiveness of neuroblastoma.

N-myc oncogene expression plays a pivotal role in the biology of neuroblastoma, a common childhood tumor. High N-myc expression is associated with advanced disease stage, and in animal models, increased expression results in increased metastatic potential. In normal embryologic development, N-myc expression is associated with neuroblast migration out from the neural crest. To further define the relationship between N-myc and metastasis, an in vitro assay was adapted to measure tumor cell attachment, motility, and proteolytic ability in neuroblastoma cell lines. These parameters were examined in a non-amplified, uniformly N-myc overexpressing cell line and its anti-sense N-myc expressing clones. These lines have been characterized previously, and have a decrease in N-myc expression, growth rate, and tumorigenicity relative to the parent line and vector-only control transfectant. Decrease in N-myc expression resulted in a non-proportional increase of tumor cell attachment, and a proportional decrease in both tumor cell motility and proteolytic ability. In further experiments, assay of a N-myc-amplified overexpressing cell line with an intrinsic heterogeneous pattern of expression demonstrated that motile cells expressed higher amounts of N-myc relative to the general population. Together these relationships indicate that N-myc plays a causative role in the invasive phenotype, and suggest that metastasis may, in part, result from the disruption of a developmentally important normal process.