Construction by gene targeting in human cells of a "conditional' CDC2 mutant that rereplicates its DNA.

We describe a novel gene targeting strategy for the genetic analysis of essential genes in mammalian cells and its use to study the role of the cell cycle control gene CDC2 in human cells. A cell line (HT2-19) was generated in which endogenous CDC2 gene expression and cell viability depend on the presence of an inducer in the growth medium. In the absence of inducer, HT2-19 cells undergo extensive DNA rereplication and apoptosis. Rereplication is indicative of a role for human CDC2 in a control mechanism, previously undetected in mammalian cells, that prevents premature entry into S-phase.