Amines and peptides in the brain of the American lobster: immunocytochemical localization patterns and implications for brain function.

The distributions of serotonin- (5HT-), substance P- (SP-), small cardioactive peptideb- (SCPb-), and histamine- (HA-) like immunoreactivities were examined in the adult lobster supraesophageal ganglion. Vibratome sections were labeled using avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunocytochemical methods. The localization patterns for each substance were assessed in 21 regions within the median protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum. Each immunoreactivity has a unique distribution within the brain; however, most regions are immunoreactive for more than one neurotransmitter. Of particular interest are SP-immunoreactive protocerebral neurons that contact olfactory projection neurons and appear homologous to those found in other crustaceans. Regional differences in immunolabeling within the deutocerebral olfactory and accessory lobes suggest that specific areas within individual olfactory lobe glomeruli serve distinct functions in olfactory processing, and that subpopulations of accessory lobe glomeruli are innervated by different groups of neurons. This detailed comparison of the labeling patterns also has allowed us to define the anatomical connectivity between several cell body clusters, fiber tracts, and neuropil areas in the lobster brain.