Candidemia in intensive care unit patients: risk factors for mortality.

Aim of this study was to evaluate whether risk factors which predict the development of candidemia may also predict death in ICU patients with candidemia. During an 8-year-period all ICU patients whose blood cultures yielded Candida species (n = 40) were retrospectively evaluated in a case-control fashion. The average incidence of Candida bloodstream infections was 5.5 per 10,000 patient days, ranging from 2.4 in 1990 to 7.4 in 1994. C. albicans was the most common pathogen in candidemic patients, but the proportion of non-C. albicans strains showed an increasing trend during 1989-1993, with a major shift towards non-C. albicans species in 1994. The overall mortality of patients with candidemia was 58%. Mortality was highest in the group of patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, especially among those in need of hemodialysis. Risk factors for the development of candidemia, such as age, malignancy, steroid use, i.v. catheterization, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were not correlated with mortality in the ICU patients studied.