Lipopolysaccharide-induced goblet cell hypersecretion in the guinea pig trachea: inhibition by macrolides.

We studied the effects of macrolides on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway goblet cell secretion in the guinea pig trachea. The goblet cell secretion was assessed in histological sections of the tracheal mucosa stained with alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff by arbitrarily determining mucus score, which is inversely related to the magnitude of mucus discharge. Inhalation of Escherichia coli LPS (5 mg/kg) caused a time-dependent decrease in mucus score, with the maximal response being from 542 +/- 49 to 92 +/- 20 arbitrary units (P < 0.001) after 3 h, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of neutrophils in the tracheal mucosa. The LPS-induced mucus discharge was inhibited by oral clarithromycin and erythromycin in a dose-dependent manner (5 and 10 mg/kg), whereas amoxicillin and cefaclor had no effect. Each dose of clarithromycin and erythromycin, but not amoxicillin or cefaclor, likewise attenuated the LPS-induced recruitment of neutrophils. These results suggest that LPS stimulates goblet cell secretion and neutrophil accumulation in the airways and that macrolides may be of value in protecting against neutrophil-associated airway hypersecretion.