Ultrastructural localisation of nitric oxide synthase, endothelin and binding sites of lectin (from Bandeirea simplicifolia) in the rat carotid artery after balloon catheter injury.

An immunocytochemical and cytochemical study has been made on the ultrastructural localisation of type III (endothelial) nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1 and the binding sites of lectin from Bandeirea simplicifolia to the endothelium surface-associated glycoproteins in the rat left common carotid artery at 1 and 28 d after Fogarty embolectomy balloon catheter-induced injury. Controls were carotid arteries from sham operated rats. In the controls, the immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase-III and endothelin-1 was localised in different proportions in vascular endothelial cells (36.9% +/- 4.3 and 7.6% +/- 2.7, respectively); immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasm and the membranes of intracellular organelles and structures. In contrast, staining with lectin was localised on the luminal surface of all endothelial cells. 1 d after injury, platelets were adherent to the endothelium-denuded intima. Some of the platelets displayed, immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase-III and endothelin-1 and were stained with lectin. 28 d after injury, a neointimal thickening of substantial size was present. Subpopulations of the regrown endothelial cells covering the luminal surface of the neointima showed positive immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase-III and endothelin-1 but there was a significant decrease in the proportion of nitric oxide synthase-III-containing endothelial cells (17.2% +/- 1.9; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of endothelin-1-containing endothelial cells (36.9% +/- 4.7; P < 0.001) compared with the controls. Staining with lectin was associated with the cell membrane of all endothelial cells and in addition with cells located 'deeper' in the neointima which showed lectin-positive plasmalemma, Golgi complex and multivesicular bodies/lysosomes. In conclusion, regenerated endothelial cells of the neointima showed reduced population (2-fold) of nitric oxide synthase-III-and increased population (5-fold) endothelin-1-positive cells. The subendothelial location of some lectin-stained cells after balloon catheter injury indicates the heterogeneity of the neointima and suggests that some of these cells are involved in early angiogenesis. 24 h and 28 d after injury some platelets showed positive immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase-III and endothelin-1.