The performance of southern African territories serotypes of foot and mouth disease antigen in oil-adjuvanted vaccines.

The performance of selected oil adjuvants containing Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus was assayed by testing antibody levels elicited in cattle, sheep and goats, and by testing protection of cattle on challenge. Various oil adjuvant formulations were tested initially in cattle and guinea pigs, and compared with a standard alhydrogel and saponin-based (AS) vaccine. A commercial double oil emulsion vaccine elicited higher antibody titres and a more prolonged antibody response than the conventional AS vaccine, than a commercial single emulsion oil formulation or an incomplete Freund's adjuvant formulation. Incomplete Freund's adjuvant was selected for the formulation of a trivalent vaccine which was assayed in cattle, sheep and goats for antibody response and local reactions. The double oil emulsion elicited a high level of antibodies, which was maintained for at least six months after a single inoculation. The product was easily injectable and did not cause local or systemic reactions.