Hepoxilin-evoked intracellular reorganization of calcium in human neutrophils: a confocal microscopy study.

Hepoxilin A3 has previously been shown to cause a rapid dose-dependent rise in intracellular calcium in intact human neutrophils in suspension. Two components have been observed, an initial rapid phase of intracellular calcium rise, followed by a slow decline to plateau levels that remain above the original baseline calcium levels. These changes have been suggested to involve the release of calcium from intracellular stores in the ER (initial rapid phase), while the slower rate of decline (plateau phase) was presumed to be due to calcium influx as it was abolished in zero calcium extracellular medium. The present study used confocal microscopy to examine the response to hepoxilin A3 at the subcellular level. Our results show that calcium dynamics in response to hepoxilin A3 varies in different subcellular compartments within the cell and that hepoxilin A3 evoked a persistent accumulation of calcium in organelles. The hepoxilin-evoked calcium sequestration was eliminated by prior exposure to CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler. CCCP also eliminated the plateau phase of the calcium response in cell suspension, suggesting that this phase was due to mitochondrial accumulation of calcium rather than calcium influx. Experiments with DiI-loaded cells, a membrane marker, showed that the nuclear calcium was not elevated by hepoxilin addition to the cells. These results demonstrate that hepoxilins evoke the release of calcium from the ER which is taken up by the mitochondria where it is tightly sequestered. These results offer an explanation of observations previously made with cell suspensions in which hepoxilin A3 was shown to inhibit the calcium mobilizing effects of chemotactic agents.