Actin in spindles of Haemanthus katherinae endosperm. I. General results using various glycerination methods.

We have studied actin-containing filaments in spindles in Haemanthus endosperm cells glycerinated by various methods; the actin-containing filaments were identified by their reaction with rabbit skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM) to form 'decorated' filaments. Actin-containing filaments in the spindle were seen in amongst microtubules in bundles (both non-kinetochore microtubule bundles and kinetochore microtuble bundles) and were also seen not associated with microtubules. There were very few extra-spindle actin-containing filaments in these cells. Actin-containing filaments seemed to interact with microtubules, because the filaments remained close to and parallel to microtubules even when the microtubules were sharply curved. Because of the close association between microtubules and actin-containing filaments we could not identify all the actin-containing filaments present in microtubule bundles: microtubules obscured actin-containing filaments. We studied Haemanthus endosperm cells as they were glycerinated. For some of these observations we used phase-contrast microscopy. Glycerination caused the cells to shrink, initially, and this was followed by rapid expansion, but the cells did not expand to as large a volume as before glycerination. Spindle structure was maintained despite these changes in cell size. Evidences for this are that relative chromosome positions were maintained during glycerination, that spindle birefringence was maintained during glycerination, and that individual chromosomal spindle fibres remained birefringent during glycerination. Electron-microscopic observations supported this in that kinetochore microtubule bundles and non-kinetochore microtubule bundle were maintained during glycerination, as was the helical arrangement of spindle ribosomes into polyribosomes. One-step glycerination procedures were used (cells were treated with mixtures containing 25% glycerol, Triton-X-100 and HMM), and such procedures might be of general use. Living cells were embedded in fibrin clots in making light-microscopic observations; this procedure, too, might be of general use.