DNA ploidy and protein synthesis in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck.

Aneuploidy as abnormal nuclear DNA content, is considered almost positive evidence of malignancy. In this study three diploid and three aneuploid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines were examined for DNA content by flow cytometry. The DNA indices of the SCC cell lines were found to range from 1.0 to 2.1. The mitotic activity of the diploid cell lines was 1.6 times higher and the cells were smaller than aneuploid cells. To find a molecular basis for these differences, the pattern of the de-novo synthesized proteins was analyzed by means of [35S]methionine incorporation, electrophoresis, and autoradiography. In all aneuploid SCC cell lines tested in this experiment, the increase of nuclear DNA content is associated with the synthesis of a novel protein with a molecular mass of approximate 55 kDa as well as with altered synthesis rates of two preexisting proteins (50 kDa and 100 kDa). For determination of the amino acid uptake in diploid and aneuploid cells, the accumulation of [35S]methionine was measured as a function of time by liquid scintillation counting. No significant difference was found in the uptake rate between diploid and aneuploid cells with the same protein content. However, discrepancies were revealed when equal numbers of cells with different DNA index were used, suggesting, that protein turnover is different in diploid and aneuploid SCC cells.