Luminescence optical tomography of dense scattering media.

Using a set of coupled radiation transport equations, we derive image operators for luminescence optical tomography with which it is possible to reconstruct concentration and mean lifetime distribution from information obtained from dc and time-harmonic optical sources. Weight functions and detector readings were computed from analytic solutions of the diffusion equation and from numerical solutions of the transport equation by Monte Carlo methods. Detector readings were also obtained from experiments on vessels containing a balloon filled with dye embedded in an Intralipid suspension with dye in the background. Image reconstructions were performed by the conjugate gradient descent method and the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique with a positivity constraint. A concentration correction was developed in which the reconstructed concentration information is used in the mean-lifetime reconstruction. The results show that the target can be accurately located in both the simulated and the experimental cases, but quantitative inaccuracies are present. Observed errors include a shadowing effect in regions that have the lowest weight within the inclusion. Application of the concentration correction can significantly improve computational efficiency and reduce error in the mean-lifetime reconstructions.