Orthopedics in orthodontics: Fiction or reality. A review of the literature--Part II.

This study covers articles dealing with orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusions, transversal deficiencies, and orthopedically induced changes in animal studies. An attempt has been made to discuss the whole group of orthopedic changes and their effects in the long-term. We want to emphasize that all orthopedic appliances have an important value in clinical orthodontics. There is, however, little scientific evidence so far to support the idea that they have any permanent orthopedic effect.