Drug-induced nephrotoxicity: the crucial role of risk factors.

Although the exact incidence of drug-induced nephrotoxicity is not known, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the risks in certain patients and to know which drugs are the most commonly implicated. The latter include radiocontrast agents, aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Other medications also have nephrotoxic potential when they are prescribed in specific patient populations. Renal injury may be transient and mild in many cases, but recognition of the patient at high risk and application of preventive measures are essential to avoid a severe and protracted course.