Effects of local anaesthetics on carrageenan-evoked inflammatory nociceptive processing in the rat.

We have assessed the effects of intraplantar local anaesthetics (bupivacaine and lignocaine) on carrageenan-induced oedema, mechanical allodynia and spinal c-fos protein expression. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using the vocalization threshold to paw pressure (VTPP) every 30 min until 60, 180 or 240 min after administration of carrageenan. Peripheral oedema, mechanical allodynia and spinal c-fos protein expression were maximal 180 min after carrageenan. Lignocaine did not influence either oedema or VTPP, but reduced spinal c-fos expression at 60 min after carrageenan without later effects. Bupivacaine induced an increase in VTPP at 30 and 60 min, limitation of oedema at 60 min and a reduction in spinal c-fos expression at 60 and 180 min, but these effects were not present 240 min after carrageenan. Intraplantar infiltration with lignocaine and bupivacaine before carrageenan transiently limited signs of inflammatory pain but did not prevent them.