D N Fisman1, M E Ward. 1. Division of Critical Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although rare, the misplacement of nasogastric tubes into the pleural space has been described. The prognosis of such injuries is improved by prompt recognition; therefore, it is important for physicians who practice nasogastric intubation to be aware of this potential complication, and to be familiar with an approach to early diagnosis. CLINICAL FEATURES: We present a case of perforation of the cervical oesophagus by a polyvinylchloride nasogastric tube, following a traumatic attempt at nasotracheal intubation. This resulted in passage of the nasogastric tube into the pleural space. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with this case and a review of the relevant literature suggest that such trauma may predispose to malplacement of nasogastric tubes. Clinical signs, such as aspiration of fluid from a nasogastric tube, and auscultation of air insufflated into the stomach, are unreliable; however, the presence of subcutaneous air in the neck on chest radiograph, and the presence of cervical crepitance on physical examination, are valuable signs in the early diagnosis of perforation of the cervical oesophagus. Contrast oesophagography remains the diagnostic manoeuvre of choice in confirming the diagnosis, but early diagnosis will depend on a high index of suspicion and prompt viewing of chest x-rays. The management and the prognosis of such injuries depends on the level of the perforation, delays in diagnosis, and the presence of associated mediastinitis.
PURPOSE: Although rare, the misplacement of nasogastric tubes into the pleural space has been described. The prognosis of such injuries is improved by prompt recognition; therefore, it is important for physicians who practice nasogastric intubation to be aware of this potential complication, and to be familiar with an approach to early diagnosis. CLINICAL FEATURES: We present a case of perforation of the cervical oesophagus by a polyvinylchloride nasogastric tube, following a traumatic attempt at nasotracheal intubation. This resulted in passage of the nasogastric tube into the pleural space. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with this case and a review of the relevant literature suggest that such trauma may predispose to malplacement of nasogastric tubes. Clinical signs, such as aspiration of fluid from a nasogastric tube, and auscultation of air insufflated into the stomach, are unreliable; however, the presence of subcutaneous air in the neck on chest radiograph, and the presence of cervical crepitance on physical examination, are valuable signs in the early diagnosis of perforation of the cervical oesophagus. Contrast oesophagography remains the diagnostic manoeuvre of choice in confirming the diagnosis, but early diagnosis will depend on a high index of suspicion and prompt viewing of chest x-rays. The management and the prognosis of such injuries depends on the level of the perforation, delays in diagnosis, and the presence of associated mediastinitis.