How do patients want physicians to handle mistakes? A survey of internal medicine patients in an academic setting.

BACKGROUND: Mistakes are an inevitable part of the practice of medicine. While the frequency and severity of medical errors are documented, little is known about patients' attitudes toward physician mistakes.
OBJECTIVE: To examine patient attitudes about physician errors.
DESIGN: A survey instrument assessed attitudes to 3 levels of physician mistakes (minor, moderate, and severe) and 2 fundamental physician responses: disclosure or nondisclosure. One hundred forty-nine study subjects were randomly selected from an academic general internal medicine outpatient clinic.
RESULTS: Virtually all patients (98%) desired some acknowledgment of even minor errors. Patient's desire for referral to another physician ranged from 14% following a minor mistake to 65% following a severe mistake. For both moderate and severe mistakes, patients were significantly more likely to consider litigation if the physician did not disclose the error. In the moderate mistake scenario, 12% of patients would sue if informed by the physician vs 20% if the physician failed to disclose the error and they discovered it by some other means (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients desire an acknowledgment from their physicians of even minor errors, and doing so may actually reduce the risk of punitive actions. These findings reinforce the importance of open communication between patients and physicians.