MR imaging of the adult elbow.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide important diagnostic information in the evaluation of the adult elbow. Optimal imaging technique should include the use of proper positioning, surface coils, and appropriate sequences and imaging planes as indicated by the suspected abnormalities. A familiarity with the anatomy of the normal elbow is crucial to identifying pathologic entities correctly and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls. Disruption of the collateral ligaments can best be demonstrated with thin-section coronal gradient-echo MR images. Injuries to the flexor and extensor muscle groups, biceps muscles, and triceps muscles require T2-weighted or short-inversion-time inversion recovery (STIR) MR images in the long and short axes of the affected muscle. The evaluation of osteochondral lesions and intraarticular bodies is optimized with T1-weighted and STIR MR images. Synovial processes usually necessitate the intravenous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine to distinguish joint fluid from pannus. The contents of the cubital tunnel are best visualized on axial T1-weighted and STIR MR images. Masses arising in or near the elbow should be imaged with multiple sequences in at least two planes, and involvement of adjacent vital structures should be carefully evaluated.