OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*04 gene in schizophrenic patients because it is positively associated with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that exhibits a strong negative association with schizophrenia. The HLA DQB1*0602 allele was also studied because of previous reports of genetic association between it and schizophrenia. Maternal HLA was investigated because of the reported association between prenatal influenza and schizophrenia and the central role of HLA molecules in the immune response to viral infections. METHOD: Polymerase chain reactions and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes were used to genotype 94 unrelated patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia, 92 mothers of schizophrenic offspring who were not related either to each other or to the 94 patients, and 177 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: The frequency of DRB1*04 alleles was significantly lower in both the schizophrenic patients and the unrelated mothers of schizophrenic offspring than in the healthy comparison subjects. No significant differences were found for DQB1*0602. CONCLUSIONS: DRB1*04 alleles may partially account for the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. The association reported here may be explained by genetic linkage or by an autoimmune pathophysiology for a proportion of schizophrenia cases. Alternatively, it may be that maternal B lymphocytes that do not express the DR4 antigen encoded by DRB1*04 respond to influenza virus by producing antibodies that perturb neurodevelopment, thus underpinning a proportion of schizophrenia cases.
OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the humanleukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*04 gene in schizophrenicpatients because it is positively associated with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that exhibits a strong negative association with schizophrenia. The HLA DQB1*0602 allele was also studied because of previous reports of genetic association between it and schizophrenia. Maternal HLA was investigated because of the reported association between prenatal influenza and schizophrenia and the central role of HLA molecules in the immune response to viral infections. METHOD: Polymerase chain reactions and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes were used to genotype 94 unrelated patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia, 92 mothers of schizophrenic offspring who were not related either to each other or to the 94 patients, and 177 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: The frequency of DRB1*04 alleles was significantly lower in both the schizophrenicpatients and the unrelated mothers of schizophrenic offspring than in the healthy comparison subjects. No significant differences were found for DQB1*0602. CONCLUSIONS:DRB1*04 alleles may partially account for the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. The association reported here may be explained by genetic linkage or by an autoimmune pathophysiology for a proportion of schizophrenia cases. Alternatively, it may be that maternal B lymphocytes that do not express the DR4 antigen encoded by DRB1*04 respond to influenza virus by producing antibodies that perturb neurodevelopment, thus underpinning a proportion of schizophrenia cases.
Authors: Maria Seddighzadeh; Marina Korotkova; Henrik Källberg; Bo Ding; Nina Daha; Fina A S Kurreeman; Rene E M Toes; Tom W Huizinga; Anca I Catrina; Lars Alfredsson; Lars Klareskog; Leonid Padyukov Journal: Eur J Hum Genet Date: 2010-02-24 Impact factor: 4.246
Authors: David J Gerber; Diana Hall; Tsuyoshi Miyakawa; Sandra Demars; Joseph A Gogos; Maria Karayiorgou; Susumu Tonegawa Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2003-07-08 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ron Nudel; Nuala H Simpson; Gillian Baird; Anne O'Hare; Gina Conti-Ramsden; Patrick F Bolton; Elizabeth R Hennessy; Anthony P Monaco; Julian C Knight; Bruce Winney; Simon E Fisher; Dianne F Newbury Journal: J Neurodev Disord Date: 2014-01-17 Impact factor: 4.025