BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial disorder that places the siblings of ADHD children at high risk for ADHD, conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. Although the pattern of psychiatric risk has been well documented by prior family studies, neither the short- nor long-term outcome of these high-risk siblings has been prospectively examined. OBJECTIVE: To document the 4-year psychiatric, psychosocial, and neuropsychological outcome of the siblings of children with ADHD. METHOD: DSM-III-R structured diagnostic interviews and blind raters were used to conduct a 4-year follow-up of siblings from ADHD and control families. The siblings were also evaluated for cognitive, achievement, social, school, and family functioning. RESULTS: At follow-up, significant elevations of behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders were found among the siblings of ADHD children. The high-risk siblings had high rates of school failure and showed evidence of neuropsychological and psychosocial dysfunction. These impairments aggregated among the siblings who had ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The siblings of ADHD children are at high risk for clinically meaningful levels of psychopathology and functional impairment. In addition to supporting hypotheses about the familial transmission of ADHD, the results suggest that the high-risk siblings might be appropriate targets for primary preventive interventions.
BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial disorder that places the siblings of ADHDchildren at high risk for ADHD, conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. Although the pattern of psychiatric risk has been well documented by prior family studies, neither the short- nor long-term outcome of these high-risk siblings has been prospectively examined. OBJECTIVE: To document the 4-year psychiatric, psychosocial, and neuropsychological outcome of the siblings of children with ADHD. METHOD: DSM-III-R structured diagnostic interviews and blind raters were used to conduct a 4-year follow-up of siblings from ADHD and control families. The siblings were also evaluated for cognitive, achievement, social, school, and family functioning. RESULTS: At follow-up, significant elevations of behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders were found among the siblings of ADHDchildren. The high-risk siblings had high rates of school failure and showed evidence of neuropsychological and psychosocial dysfunction. These impairments aggregated among the siblings who had ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The siblings of ADHDchildren are at high risk for clinically meaningful levels of psychopathology and functional impairment. In addition to supporting hypotheses about the familial transmission of ADHD, the results suggest that the high-risk siblings might be appropriate targets for primary preventive interventions.
Authors: Maria Niarchou; Monica E Calkins; Tyler M Moore; Sunny X Tang; Donna M McDonald-McGinn; Elaine H Zackai; Beverly S Emanuel; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2018-06-06 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Mauricio Arcos-Burgos; Ana C Londoño; David A Pineda; Francisco Lopera; Juan David Palacio; Andres Arbelaez; Maria T Acosta; Jorge I Vélez; Francisco Xavier Castellanos; Maximilian Muenke Journal: Atten Defic Hyperact Disord Date: 2012-07-20
Authors: Virginia A De Sanctis; Joey W Trampush; Seth C Harty; David J Marks; Jeffrey H Newcorn; Carlin J Miller; Jeffrey M Halperin Journal: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Date: 2008-10
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