Signs of emotional disturbance three years after early hospitalization.

Tested by a retrospective study the hypothesis that children in the 6-36 months age range in case of lengthy (> 3 days) or repeated (more than once) hospitalization are susceptible to persistent emotional disturbances. Families of children with such a "risky" hospitalization history were approached by mail, several years (M = 36 months, SD = 10) after the latest discharge. The parents of these children (N = 40; mean age 59 months) and of a control group without a risky hospitalization history (N = 73; mean age 58 months) reported about current problem behavior of their child. Scores on the Behaviour Checklist (Richman et al., 1982) were significantly (p < .05) elevated in the sample. Specific signs were poor concentration, immoderate attention seeking, deficits of bowel control, and fearfulness. Cases of surgery significantly exceeded others in signs of disturbance. Although the protective value of parental attendance could not be demonstrated in this study, on the basis of prior research, rooming-in is recommended as a necessary precaution in the 6-36 months age range.