Physiological, metabolic and biochemical responses of horses competing in the speed and endurance phase of a CCI*****3-day-event.

The present study was undertaken to investigate physiological, metabolic, haematological and biochemical changes in horses competing in the Speed and Endurance test of a Concours Complet International (CCI)*****3-day-event held under FEI rules. A total of 28 horses competing in the Burghley Horse Trials Speed and Endurance test were selected to be monitored: 11 horses in 1993 and 17 horses in 1994. Of the 28 horses selected, 17 completed the Speed and Endurance test and went on to complete the showjumping test. Mean +/- s.d. shade temperature and relative humidity, black globe temperature and wind speed were 13 +/- 1 and 20 +/- 2 degrees C, 54 +/- 3 and 55 +/- 10%, 17 +/- 2 and 29 +/- 4 degrees C and 2.7 +/- 0.7 and 1.2 +/- 0.3 m/s, for 1993 and 1994, respectively. Mean heart rate during Phases A, B and D was not significantly different between years, but mean heart rate during Phase C and X was significantly higher in 1994. Mean (+/- s.d.) heart rate on Phase B and D for all horses in both 1993 and 1994 was 198 +/- 8 and 188 +/- 11 beats/min, respectively. Mean heart rate during Phase D showed a poor correlation with mean speed (r = 0.412). Total mean (+/- s.d.) weight loss from the start of Phase A to the end of Phase D was 15.5 +/- 6.1 kg in 1993 and 16.5 +/- 5 kg in 1994 and did not differ significantly between years. Following 14-18 h completion of Phase D, mean bodyweight was not significantly different from that at the start of Phase A in either year. Mean rectal temperature at the end of Phase D was 41 +/- 0.6 degrees C and 41.1 +/- 0.6 degrees C in 1993 and 1994, respectively (P > 0.05). Both the lowest (39.7 degrees C) and highest (41.8 degrees C) rectal temperatures were recorded at the end of Phase D in 1994. Plasma lactate concentrations at the end of Phase D were 8.5-38.5 mmol/l. The highest lactate concentration also coincided with the highest plasma glucose concentration (11.4 mmol/l) as well as the joint fastest time in either year, although overall lactate showed only weak correlations with mean speed on Phase D (r = 0.12, 1993; r = 0.58, 1994). While the Speed and Endurance test at CCI*****level run in a temperate climate presents a considerable challenge to the fitness and ability of the horses competing, the metabolic and physiological changes are not extreme. The majority of horses that finish the test appear to undergo a rapid and considerable degree of recovery and are able to present sound at the final inspection, take part in the showjumping test and complete the competition.