Upregulation of gap junction protein connexin43 in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

The degree of immunoreactive connexin43 (C x 43) in rat lung was evaluated during the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat by a double immunofluorescence technique using polyclonal antisera to Cx43 and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins on cryostat sections. In normal rat lungs, Cx43 was detected in pneumocytes type II and I, in large blood vessel endothelia, in peribronchial smooth muscle cells, and in some peribronchial and perivascular interstitial cells. As early as 1 week after irradiation, enhanced immunoreactivity for Cx43 in the epithelial cells was detected. In severely injured lungs (about 3 months after irradiation), Cx43 was found also in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes. These findings were confirmed by western blot data. Western blot analysis also revealed increased phosphorylation of Cx43. It remains to be investigated whether the increased content of Cx43 in irradiated rat lung may be due to an enhanced number of gap junctions between type I and II alveolar epithelial cells.