Hyperthyroidism in children: an Indian experience.

During the period 1986-1993, 24 children with hyperthyroidism were referred to us for management. Two of them had factitious hyperthyroidism, one toxic nodular goiter and another neonatal Graves' disease. Twenty children (6M, 14F) had Graves' disease. Their age at presentation was 10.86 +/- 2.02 years and duration of symptoms ranged from 2.5 months to 7 years. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as hyperkinesis, irritability, excitability and behavioral problems, were the most common initial presenting symptoms (90%). Goiter of varying grades was present in 18 children. Eye involvement of mild or moderate intensity was present in 85% and cardiac involvement in 30%. Serum free thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were high and radioactive iodine uptake was elevated. All of them received carbimazole 0.5-0.7 mg/kg in three divided doses. Seventeen responded to therapy over a period of time while three did not. On withdrawal, six of the responders relapsed. Hyperthyroidism in children is rare and when it occurs it is almost always due to Graves' disease. The prominence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, insidious onset and absence of severe infiltrative ophthalmopathy differentiates it from the adult type of disease. Prolonged medical therapy is needed to induce good continued remission.