Effects of iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins on the activity and contents of human placental copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases.

One hundred seventy-nine pregnant women, ages 15-45 yr, were divided into three groups. Group A was orally given one spansule per day containing 150 mg dried ferrous sulfate, 61.8 mg zinc sulfate, and 500 micrograms folic acid, starting from the first 4 wk of pregnancy and ending at the day of delivery. Similarly, group B was given one tablet containing 625 mg calcium carbonate, 1000 mg vitamin C, 300 IU Vitamin D, 1350 mg citric acid, and 15 mg Vitamin B6. Group C was without any supplements and served as a control. Mothers who received iron/zinc supplements (group A) during pregnancy had significantly higher copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity in their placentae than calcium/vitamin-supplemented mothers (group B) or unsupplemented mothers (group C). The enzyme activity increased with age of the mothers from 15 to 40 yr, then decreased after in both supplemented groups, whereas this increase and decrease occurred at early age in the unsupplemented group. Immunochemical quantitation of the enzyme contents showed no significant difference between the supplemented and unsupplemented groups, suggesting that the observed increase in the enzyme activity might arise from posttranslational processing of the enzyme. The placental manganese superoxide dismutase activity and contents, however, were similar in the supplemented groups, whereas they were slightly higher in the unsupplemented group; the overall superoxide dismutase-like activities in the placentae were the highest in iron-zinc supplemented group and the lowest in the unsupplemented group.