BACKGROUND: The role of surgery in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is controversial. The outcome after prospective radical surgery for GBC is discussed on the basis of the TNM stage of the tumor. METHODS: One hundred six patients who had undergone radical surgery were selected. The standard radical procedure consisted of a cholecystectomy accompanied by lymph node dissection, wedge resection of the liver, and resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The stage was determined by pathologic examination of resected specimens. RESULTS: Lymph node metastases were identified in no patients with T1 tumors (n = 15), 48% of patients with T2 tumors (n = 46), 72% of patients with T3 tumors (n = 25), and 80% of patients with T4 tumors (n = 20). One patient died within 30 days after radical surgery (mortality rate, 0.9%). There were 35 5-year survivors including 11 patients with nodal involvement, 10 with stage I tumors, 13 with stage II tumors, 10 with stage III tumors, and 2 with stage IV tumors. The cumulative 5-year survival rate in patients with stage I tumors was 91% (n = 15), 85% in patients with stage II tumors (n = 24), 40% in patients with stage III tumors (n = 28), and 19% in patients with stage IV tumors (n = 39). In patients with stage III and IV tumors the 5-year survival rate was 52% after curative resection (n = 35). This was significantly better than the 5% 5-year survival rate after a noncurative resection (n = 32). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lymph node metastases is strongly influenced by the depth of invasion of the primary tumor. Accurate determination of the TNM stage is essential in comparing surgical results, predicting patient outcome, and planning additional treatment. Standard radical surgery contributes to patient survival and is recommended in patients with advanced GBC.
BACKGROUND: The role of surgery in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is controversial. The outcome after prospective radical surgery for GBC is discussed on the basis of the TNM stage of the tumor. METHODS: One hundred six patients who had undergone radical surgery were selected. The standard radical procedure consisted of a cholecystectomy accompanied by lymph node dissection, wedge resection of the liver, and resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The stage was determined by pathologic examination of resected specimens. RESULTS: Lymph node metastases were identified in no patients with T1 tumors (n = 15), 48% of patients with T2 tumors (n = 46), 72% of patients with T3 tumors (n = 25), and 80% of patients with T4 tumors (n = 20). One patient died within 30 days after radical surgery (mortality rate, 0.9%). There were 35 5-year survivors including 11 patients with nodal involvement, 10 with stage I tumors, 13 with stage II tumors, 10 with stage III tumors, and 2 with stage IV tumors. The cumulative 5-year survival rate in patients with stage I tumors was 91% (n = 15), 85% in patients with stage II tumors (n = 24), 40% in patients with stage III tumors (n = 28), and 19% in patients with stage IV tumors (n = 39). In patients with stage III and IV tumors the 5-year survival rate was 52% after curative resection (n = 35). This was significantly better than the 5% 5-year survival rate after a noncurative resection (n = 32). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lymph node metastases is strongly influenced by the depth of invasion of the primary tumor. Accurate determination of the TNM stage is essential in comparing surgical results, predicting patient outcome, and planning additional treatment. Standard radical surgery contributes to patient survival and is recommended in patients with advanced GBC.
Authors: Elijah Dixon; Charles M Vollmer; Ajay Sahajpal; Mark Cattral; David Grant; Christopher Doig; Al Hemming; Bryce Taylor; Bernard Langer; Paul Greig; Steven Gallinger Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2005-03 Impact factor: 12.969
Authors: Faiz Gani; Stefan Buettner; Georgios A Margonis; Cecilia G Ethun; George Poultsides; Thuy Tran; Kamran Idrees; Chelsea A Isom; Ryan C Fields; Bradley Krasnick; Sharon M Weber; Ahmed Salem; Robert C G Martin; Charles Scoggins; Perry Shen; Harveshp D Mogal; Carl Schmidt; Eliza Beal; Ioannis Hatzaras; Rivfka Shenoy; Shishir K Maithel; Timothy M Pawlik Journal: J Surg Oncol Date: 2016-05-20 Impact factor: 3.454