Therapy of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Since its original description, the sphincter of Oddi (SO) has been a source of controversy. Its very existence as a distinct anatomic or physiologic entity has been disputed. Hence, it is not surprising that the clinical syndrome of SO dysfunction and its therapy are controversial areas. The association of SO dysfunction with functional disorders and irritable bowel syndrome has raised skepticism about the efficacy of treatment directed solely at the SO. Nevertheless, SO dysfunction is widely diagnosed and treated by physicians. This article focuses on the various treatment options for SO dysfunction.