OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole cyclodextrin solution in fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), and to correlate clinical outcome with in vitro susceptibility and serum azole levels. DESIGN: A prospective, open-label, intervention study. SETTING: A university hospital, which serves as the provincial HIV referral center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty six HIV-infected individuals referred for fluconazole-refractory OPC were evaluated prospectively between May 1993 and March 1995, including clinical assessment, serum azole levels, and susceptibility testing of Candida spp, isolates. Itraconazole solution was administered orally at a daily dose of 200 mg for 14 days, followed by suppressive therapy. Thirty-four patients were evaluable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resolution of oral pseudomembranous lesions. RESULTS: Initial isolates were Candida albicans (n = 33), C. glabrata (n = 1), C. krusei (n = 1), and mixed infection with C. albicans and C. krusei (n = 1). Fluconazole serum levels obtained at the time of failed therapy ranged from 4.7 to 40 mg/l (median, 12.9 mg/l). Itraconazole was generally well tolerated. Clinical responses were observed in 65% (22 out of 34) of evaluable cases. Among the responders, relapse had occurred within 2 months for four (36%) out of 11 cases who continued with follow-up. The median fluconazole minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 64 mg/l for isolates from fluconazole-refractory cases, compared with a median of 0.5 mg/l for control isolates (P = 0.002). The median itraconazole MIC for isolates from fluconazole-refractory cases was 1.25 mg/l, compared with a median of 0.078 mg/l for controls (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: A correlation between clinical response and in vitro susceptibility was clearly demonstrated for fluconazole, but not for itraconazole. Itraconazole cyclodextrin solution may be effective for fluconazole-refractory OPC and should be considered prior to salvage therapy with intravenous amphotericin B.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole cyclodextrin solution in fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), and to correlate clinical outcome with in vitro susceptibility and serum azole levels. DESIGN: A prospective, open-label, intervention study. SETTING: A university hospital, which serves as the provincial HIV referral center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty six HIV-infected individuals referred for fluconazole-refractory OPC were evaluated prospectively between May 1993 and March 1995, including clinical assessment, serum azole levels, and susceptibility testing of Candida spp, isolates. Itraconazole solution was administered orally at a daily dose of 200 mg for 14 days, followed by suppressive therapy. Thirty-four patients were evaluable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resolution of oral pseudomembranous lesions. RESULTS: Initial isolates were Candida albicans (n = 33), C. glabrata (n = 1), C. krusei (n = 1), and mixed infection with C. albicans and C. krusei (n = 1). Fluconazole serum levels obtained at the time of failed therapy ranged from 4.7 to 40 mg/l (median, 12.9 mg/l). Itraconazole was generally well tolerated. Clinical responses were observed in 65% (22 out of 34) of evaluable cases. Among the responders, relapse had occurred within 2 months for four (36%) out of 11 cases who continued with follow-up. The median fluconazole minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 64 mg/l for isolates from fluconazole-refractory cases, compared with a median of 0.5 mg/l for control isolates (P = 0.002). The median itraconazole MIC for isolates from fluconazole-refractory cases was 1.25 mg/l, compared with a median of 0.078 mg/l for controls (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: A correlation between clinical response and in vitro susceptibility was clearly demonstrated for fluconazole, but not for itraconazole. Itraconazole cyclodextrin solution may be effective for fluconazole-refractory OPC and should be considered prior to salvage therapy with intravenous amphotericin B.
Authors: J A Barone; B L Moskovitz; J Guarnieri; A E Hassell; J L Colaizzi; R H Bierman; L Jessen Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 1998-07 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: George K Siberry; Mark J Abzug; Sharon Nachman; Michael T Brady; Kenneth L Dominguez; Edward Handelsman; Lynne M Mofenson; Steve Nesheim Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2013-11 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Eduardo G Arathoon; Eduardo Gotuzzo; L Miguel Noriega; Rayanne S Berman; Mark J DiNubile; Carole A Sable Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2002-02 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Andreas H Groll; Lauren Wood; Maureen Roden; Diana Mickiene; Christine C Chiou; Ellen Townley; Luqman Dad; Stephen C Piscitelli; Thomas J Walsh Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2002-08 Impact factor: 5.191