Developmental change in expression of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule in C-cells in rat thyroid gland.

The expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), highly polysialylated NCAM, and E-cadherin was immunohistochemically studied in the calcitonin-producing cells (C-cells) of developing and adult rat thyroid glands of varying ages. In fetal and neonatal rat thyroids, almost all the C-cells displayed immunoreactivity for highly polysialylated NCAM, whereas most of the follicular cells were negative. The highly polysialylated NCAM-positive C-cells markedly decreased in number between 5 and 14 days after birth. From day 14 onward, immunoreactivity for highly polysialylated NCAM was almost negative in thyroid glands. On the other hand, the expression of immunoreactivity for NCAM peptide persisted in thyroidal C-cells throughout the life span. These results suggest that conversion of the highly polysialylated NCAM into a less sialylated form occurs in the thyroid C-cells between postnatal days 5 and 14. Intense immunoreactivity for E-cadherin was observed in the entire cell surfaces of all the C-cells and follicular cells in the rats of all ages tested. In the course of thyroid organogenesis, C-cells transiently form a cell mass, an ultimobranchial body, which is fated to disappear as the C-cells migrate diffusely into the thyroid. The duration of the polysialic acid expression in the C-cell surfaces appears to coincide with the period of C-cell migration. It is possible that the expression of highly polysialylated NCAM allows the C-cells to migrate into the thyroid by reducing the cell-to-cell adhesion of C-cells with adjacent C-cells and/or with the surrounding follicular cells.