Cosmetic tail docking of dogs.

The anatomy of the canine tail and its relationship to the physiological functions of the tail are described and the effect of tail docking on these is discussed. Current knowledge on the physiology and anatomy of pain is described with particular reference to cosmetic tail docking in the neonatal puppy. Recent advances in knowledge about pain and the changes in approach to pain management, refute the premise that 'puppies do not feel pain therefore tail docking is not inhumane' and also the premise that 'the pain and the effects of tail docking are insignificant.' Six criteria to test the 'necessity' to dock dogs are presented; this article shows that the reasons advanced for tail docking do not satisfy these criteria and so that docking dogs' tails cannot be justified.