Restricted expression of R-cadherin by brain nuclei and neural circuits of the developing chicken brain.

Cadherins are a family of Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules regulating morphogenesis by a preferentially homophilic binding mechanism. We have previously shown that the expression of R-cadherin in the early chicken forebrain (embryonic days E3-E6) is restricted to particular neuromeres or parts of neuromeres. R-cadherin-expressing neuroblasts born in these areas accumulate in the mantle zone and aggregate in particular (pro-) nuclei (Gänzler and Redies [1995] J. Neurosci. 15:4157-4172). In the present study, these findings are extended to later developmental stages (embryonic days E8, E11, and E15). By immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques, we show that, at these stages of development, R-cadherin expression remains restricted to particular developing gray matter regions and fiber tracts. The R-cadherin-positive fiber tracts connect some of the R-cadherin-positive gray matter areas to form parts of particular neural circuits in the visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor systems. Moreover, R-cadherin expression reflects the morphologic differentiation of gray matter regions. As brain nuclei become morphologically more distinct, the expression of R-cadherin shows a clearer demarcation of the nuclear boundaries. In addition, R-cadherin expression in some nuclei becomes restricted to particular subregions or to clusters of neurons. In the cerebellum, R-cadherin is expressed in parasagittal stripes. These results suggest that R-cadherin expression reflects the functional and morphologic maturation of gray matter structures and of information processing circuits in the embryonic chicken brain.