Contingency management for tobacco smoking in methadone-maintained opiate addicts.

Seventeen methadone-maintained cigarette smokers received 4 weeks of contingency management (CM) as a stop-smoking intervention. Results indicated that CM patients significantly reduced breath CO levels from baseline to completion of treatment and that 23.4% of patients maintained 1 week or more of continued smoking abstinence. Results indicated a link between smoking abstinence and reduced cocaine use, although not reduced opiate use, which raised questions about possible shared biological and psychological mechanisms for tobacco and cocaine use.