Treatment of a chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats: effects of systemically administered excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists.

A chronic allodynia-like response to mechanical stimulation was observed in rats after severe spinal cord ischemia. This allodynia-like response was not relieved by most conventional analgesics used for treating chronic neuropathic pain. The present experiments evaluated the effects of systemically administered excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists, including the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/channel blockers MK-801 and dextromethorphan, the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGS 19755 and a competitive antagonist of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor NBQX, on the chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats. Systemic MK-801, dextromethorphan and CGS 19755 dose-dependently relieved the mechanical allodynia-like response. Systemic MK-801 and CGS 19755, but not dextromethorphan, also induced severe motor impairment at analgesic doses. All three NMDA antagonists increased spontaneous motor activity. Systemic NBQX reduced muscle tone and caused sedation. The mechanical allodynia was only relieved by NBQX at a sedative dose. It is concluded that systemic NMDA, but not AMPA, receptor antagonists may have an analgesic effect upon the chronic allodynia-like response. However, the analgesic effect of all NMDA antagonists was associated with side effects. Dextromethorphan, which is clinically tolerated and produced less side effects, may be useful for treating chronic pain associated with central nervous system injury.