Delineation of a 1-cM region on distal 5q containing the locus for corneal dystrophies Groenouw type I and lattice type I and exclusion of the candidate genes SPARC and LOX.

Granular Groenouw type I (CDGG1) and lattice type 1 (CDL1) corneal dystrophies are two distinct potentially blinding conditions. These two entities were recently mapped to a region on chromosome 5q. We have investigated 2 families of Swiss origin with CDGG1 and CDL1 by linkage analysis. Our data show a maximum lod score of 5.38 at theta = 0.00 for marker D5S393 in CDL1 and 4.17 at theta = 0.00 for D5S658 in CDGG1. When combined, these families show a maximum low score of 9.22 for D5S393 at theta = 0.00. This confirms previous reports. Furthermore, we describe a recombination centromeric to D5S399 in a member of the CDL1 family. Haplotype analysis in the 4 branches of the CDGG1 family demonstrated a common chromosomal region including D5S393 and D5S399 in all the affected members. By combining our data with previously reported mapping information and assuming that CDGG1 and CDL1 are allelic manifestations of the same gene, we can refine the location of the CDGG1/CDL1 gene to a 1-cM region on chromosome 5q. Using candidate genes in the 5q22-q32 interval, we investigated the possibility that mutations in the SPARC or LOX genes cause these corneal diseases. Several recombinations occurred between these two genes and CDGG1/CDL1 in our 2 families, thus excluding this hypothesis.