Diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in Mexican Americans.

Hispanics are the second largest minority group in the United States. Mexican Americans (MAs) are the largest subgroup at 14 million in 1990. MAs have a two- to threefold increased prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Population-based studies of MAs with non-insulin-dependent diabetes have shown that these patients may be more likely than non-Hispanic whites to develop proteinuria and are more likely to develop end-stage renal disease. The reasons for this excess risk are yet to be completely elucidated, but may be due to worse glycemic control, worse blood pressure control when hypertension does occur, worse access to medical care, and/or genetics. When MAs are treated for diabetic end-stage renal disease, they have better survival. Much less data are available for other Hispanic subgroups. From a public health perspective, higher incidence and longer survival as well as relatively young and rapidly growing population predict an increasing burden for MAs if prevention measures are not instituted soon.