Intensity of MR contrast enhancement does not correspond to clinical and electroneurographic findings in acute inflammatory facial nerve palsy.

PURPOSE: To determine the value of MR contrast enhancement in predicting the course of acute inflammatory facial nerve palsy and in selecting patients for surgical decompression.
METHODS: Six patients with an acute inflammatory incomplete or complete peripheral facial nerve palsy (five idiopathic and one herpetic in origin) had repeated MR imaging studies with and without contrast enhancement, electroneurography, and clinical examinations to establish a connection between the intensity of contrast enhancement on MR images, the clinical condition, and the electrophysiological data. The examinations were performed every second day starting on the first day of admission until clinical recovery was proved by clinical deblockage (spontaneous clinical improvement). The last examination was performed 3 months after the onset of the facial nerve palsy.
RESULTS: An abnormal, very intense contrast enhancement of the facial nerve was always present in the distal intrameatal and proximal tympanic segments and in the geniculate ganglion. The labyrinthine segment exhibited a mild to moderate enhancement, and the distal tympanic and mastoid segments showed a moderate to intense enhancement. The intensity of contrast enhancement did not correspond to the severity, duration, or course of the facial nerve palsy, and the electroneurographic data had no predictive value in indicating the severity of the inflammatory process. Three months after clinical recovery, a persistent and more or less unchanged or even slightly more intense contrast enhancement was observed.
CONCLUSION: The long-lasting intense contrast enhancement seen in the facial nerve segments of patients who have acute peripheral inflammatory facial nerve palsy is explained by a two-phase breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier.