Clinicopathologic correlates of prednisone treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy.

A 43-year-old man with rapidly evolving renal failure from biopsy-proven human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and superimposed thrombotic microangiopathic changes was treated with prednisone. His serum creatinine decreased from 7.5 to 3.9 mg/dL, and the 24-hour protein excretion decreased from 15.7 to 6.1 g over 6 to 8 weeks. As the prednisone was tapered, however, the creatinine began to increase, and a repeat biopsy was done to assist with therapeutic decisions. The major differences from the pretreatment biopsy were marked reductions in interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages and absence of thrombotic microangiopathic lesions. This is the first report comparing pretreatment and posttreatment renal biopsy specimens and the findings provide some insight into the means by which prednisone exerts its beneficial clinical effects acutely on this disease.