Genetic analysis of Sardinia: I. data on 12 polymorphisms in 21 linguistic domains.

(1) The microgeographic structure of Sardinia, well documented from a historical and linguistic point of view, further supported by archaeological evidence, can also be dissected at the genetic level: gene frequencies show heterogeneities which are statistically significant. (2) Dendrogram analyses performed with different methods lead to the same result: even if gene frequencies cluster linguistically defined geographic domains in agreement with historical and archaeological evidence, no phylogenetic tree can be inferred, very likely because the assumptions which allow a phylogenetic tree to be a valid model of evolution (mainly constant evolutionary rates and independence between branches) do not apply to the genetic history of Sardinia. (3) Evidence of a qualitative association between distribution of genes and distribution of languages or dialects seems to emerge also at the microgeographic level of our analysis. More linguistic and genetic data are planned to be considered.