Characterization of the Genetic System of the Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Pichia stipitis

High mutant frequencies indicated that the wild-type strains of Pichia stipitis are haploid. Sporulation ability of these clones pointed to a homothallic life cycle. Mating was induced by cultivation under nutritionally poor conditions on malt extract medium. Conjugation was followed immediately by sporulation. However, hybrids could be rescued by transferring the nascent zygotes to complete medium before meiosis had started. Under rich nutritional conditions, hybrids were mitotically stable and did not sporulate. The segregation pattern of auxotrophic markers of diploid zygotes indicated regular meiosis, although asci contained preferentially spore dyads.