Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in young and adult rats fed diets differing in fat and carbohydrate.

Glycogen content as well as glycolytic, gluconeogenic and fatty acid synthesis enzyme activities were monitored in young and adult male rats fed diets differing in fat content: 11% (low), 22% (medium) and 42% (high) of total energy from fat. The results showed significant differences in the responses of young and adult rats to changes in dietary fat and carbohydrate. In young animals, increasing dietary fat decreased total liver glycogen phosphorylase (GP), pyruvate kinase (PK), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme (ME), ATP-citrate lyase (ATP-CL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Increasing dietary fat also affected enzyme levels in other tissues: hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities decreased whereas skeletal muscle PK activity increased. The pattern of enzyme changes was similar in livers of fed adults with the exception that liver GP was not affected by dietary manipulations. Overnight food deprivation decreased liver glucokinase (GK), ME, ATP-CL, and FAS activities and increased liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and phosphofructokinase in both young and adult animals. In young animals, food deprivation also: (i) reduced liver GK and PK, (ii) increased kidney PEPCK, (iii) decreased muscle PEPCK and (iv) decreased kidney PDH. Food-deprived adults had increased skeletal muscle PEPCK and kidney glycogen synthetase as well as decreased kidney PEPCK muscle GP activity. These differences suggest that young animals are somewhat more responsive to changes in dietary manipulations. They also show that overnight food restriction causes a more profound metabolic re-organization in younger than in older animals.