Coping strategies of children with faecal incontinence.

As part of a study concerning the psychosocial adjustment of 160 children treated for anorectal anomalies, the authors investigated the ways in which the children coped with faecal incontinence (FIC). At the time of assessment, the children were 6 to 18 years of age. Portions of the in-depth interviews with the children and their parents covered questions about methods of managing and coping with FIC at home, socially, and at school. In addition, information was obtained about child and family characteristics that have been shown to contribute to the ability to adapt to chronic health problems. The ways in which the children dealt with their problems could be grouped into three distinct phases and were different for boys and girls. In phase 1, around 6 to 7 years of age, boys were largely unaware of the unsocial nature of their condition; the girls were sensitive and withdrawn. In phase 2, between 8 and 11 years of age, boys used overt denial, girls used secretiveness. Phase 3, from around 12 years into adolescence, for both sexes was marked by continued covert denial and eventual acceptance of their disability. The coping strategies reflected a complex interrelationship between characteristics of the child, the family, the social environment, and the unsocial and embarrassing nature of FIC. The findings showed that coping with FIC has potentially severely disruptive implications for the overall development of the child.