Theory and practical applications of a wellness perspective in diabetes education.

From a wellness perspective, health is viewed in a broad sense that encompasses interrelationships among physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual components. This approach to health is particularly applicable in diabetes management because diabetes affects all areas of a person's life--work, family, social, and recreational. The boundaries of diabetes education need to be expanded to address this holistic view of health. The integration of a wellness approach in an adult-centered diabetes education program is described to offer a new perspective in diabetes management and education. This outpatient, hospital-based program is provided at regular intervals for small groups of 6 to 12 participants, most of whom have type II diabetes. Support for this wellness direction in diabetes education is discussed in relation to theoretical principles of the wellness model, including similarities and differences with other concepts such as empowerment and self-efficacy. Practical applications of the wellness perspective are clarified using this specific outpatient program as a case example.