Neural and pancreatic influences on net hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.

The role of the liver nerves in the disposition of peripherally administered glucose was examined in seven hepatic innervated (HI) and nine hepatic denervated (HD) 42-h-fasted conscious dogs. After a 40-min basal period, there was a 4-h experimental period during which the hepatic glucose load was increased twofold via peripheral glucose infusion. Somatostatin was infused to suppress pancreatic endocrine secretion, and insulin and glucagon were infused intraportally to produce a fourfold increase in insulin and a gradual decrease (approximately 25%) in glucagon. The area under the curve of net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) during the glucose infusion period totaled 483 +/- 82 and 335 +/- 32 mg/kg in HD and HI, respectively (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of the hepatic fractional extraction of glucose was 27% greater in HD (P < 0.05). Net hepatic lactate output was similar in the two groups, and net hepatic glycogen synthesis was 3.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.5 mg.kg dog wt-1.min-1 in HD and HI, respectively (P = 0.13). The direct pathway of glycogen synthesis was responsible for 54-58% of net hepatic glycogen synthesis in both HI and HD (n = 6 for both). In summary 1) NHGU in response to peripheral glucose infusion was approximately 44% greater in HD than in HI, 2) net hepatic glycogen synthesis was enhanced by 41% in HD although the probability of this change was 0.13, and 3) the contribution of the direct pathway to glycogen synthesis was the same in HD and HI. These data are consistent with a role for the liver nerves in regulating the magnitude of NHGU in response to glucose administration. They also indicate that the absence of liver nerves may reduce glycogen turnover during glucose infusion.